Collectivism in the Arab culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cooperation in the Arab culture - Essay Example Examination of Arab and Japanese culture with American culture The Arab culture is overwhelmingly constrained by Islamic impacts, Muslims including more than 90 percent of the Arab populace. Organizations close at the hour of supplications, and there is no space for non-Islamic standards of systematic venture on intrigue. Ladies have not been permitted to drive in Saudi Arabia for quite a while. Working environment is amazingly touchy to sexual orientation. American culture is majority rule without the control of one religion. Business standards are built up as per market’s premiums rather than strict lessons. Ladies are as associated with the work as are men, and there is freedom of articulation. Japanese society is homogenous like the Arabic social orders though American culture is heterogeneous. Arabic culture is partitioned between the rich and poor people. The working class is non-existent in the Arabic culture though the majority of the populace in both Japanese and Amer ican social orders has a place with white collar class. Also, business standards in Japan are like those in America. Subsequently, of the Arab and Japanese culture, the last is nearer to the way of life of America.

Managing innovation and technology case study Essay

Overseeing development and innovation contextual analysis - Essay Example The telephone was called IBM Simon and it is viewed as the first Smartphone (Sager, 2012). The idea of Smartphones anyway goes back to 1970s. IBM Simon was the main business mobile phone to have a touch screen interface. Since the dispatch of IBM Simon, the market for Smartphones has developed enormously. After the dispatch of I Phone in 2007, the market for Smartphones changed essentially. Organizations began to concoct inventive structures and highlights for clients. I Phone really demonstrated wireless fabricates the potential market of Smartphones. From that point forward the market has developed at a more noteworthy pace and numerous huge organizations have entered the market of Smartphones like Google and HTC (Market Research, 2012). Cell phones are not quite the same as normal mobile phones in light of their boss highlights and upgraded availability. They depend on versatile working frameworks that give clients more prominent speed, inventive highlights, and improved web availability. Cell phones ordinarily have contact screen interface which adds to the highlights and plan of the telephone. All these one of a kind qualities of Smartphones make them well known among the overall population. There are numerous points of interest of Smartphones like transportability, better web availability, expanded memory space, and easy to use working frameworks. Cell phones consolidate, somewhat, highlights of a customary telephone and a PC. They permit clients to send and get messages, and furthermore to peruse the web (Jones, 2012). These telephones additionally have versatile based working framework that permits better combination with utilizations of various makers. The primary preferred position of a Smartphone is its convenientce as one can convey it anyplace and can make the most of its highlights even progressing. Cell phones likewise have a few impediments. Cell phones have made us progressively reliant on innovation. There appears to now work life balance in our lives as we are consistently ‘connected’ to the world. Cell phones too

Benefits of School Sports Programs: A Survey

Advantages of School Sports Programs: A Survey Notice of Transmittalâ Subject: Need for progressively athletic occasions in school Issue: Selkirk College is a good school in the Kootenays district. This school has numerous branches, for example, Castlegar, Nelson, Trail and so on. In this school, numerous global understudies are concentrating now, for example, from India, China, Japan and numerous different nations. They face numerous issues here like settlement and work principally because of which a few understudies feel achy to visit the family as well. They feel alone and worried from studies and all the task work. In our school, scarcely a couple of social occasions and different games occasion happens. Understudies who are from sports foundation love games definitely, so they miss these sorts of occasions here. Almost certainly, the school consistently composes numerous kinds of occasions like Intercultural Festival and little gaming rivalry, however these are not as large and sorted out as required and furthermore they are held seldomnly. Arrangement: Our school the executives can settle on a choice about this. Physical exercises can be added to the school educational program with no scholarly unsettling influences and furthermore can offer physical, enthusiastic and social advantages. At consistently well disposed games ought to be held in our exercise room. We ought not drive the understudies to participate in those occasions. In each semester, there ought to be one major Sports Event at school and an Annual capacity ought to be organized understudies. In these occasions various types of matches like Cricket, Basketball and Badminton ought to be sorted out and social moves, shows and a lot progressively such things ought to be held. There ought to be prizes for top 3 understudies of classes for gratefulness for their difficult work. End: Schoolbased sports exercises can bring out positive responses and practices in students.â A yearly capacity could urge understudies to concentrate more when they see their companions getting grants for their difficult work. So the administration should take care of this issue and should make viable strides in regards to this. I would because of Parmider Singh and Sarabjit Singh for their participation. Chapter by chapter list (Jump to) Rundown of Illustrations Official Summary Presentation Conversation Sections Conclusionsâ and Recommendationsâ References Rundown of Illustrations Chart 1: Students from various nations and their advantage Figure 1: A case of intercultural occasions Official Summary To sum up, I might want to state that we have less additional educational program exercises in our school which are extremely significant for the general development of brain and wellbeing of understudies. We should begin Yoga, Basketball, Cricket and a lot more classes at our grounds. These classes might be viewed as individual or group contingent upon the sort of game. I did overview and gathering conversations with numerous understudies in the school to talk about this subject and to know their perspectives about these exercises. Pretty much every understudy needs to see these sorts of additional educational program exercises to be composed in the school. Once in a semester these sorts of occasions and matches ought to be composed inside various grounds of the school. In this way, toward the end I trust the administration and specialists of our school will likewise consider this change and they will begin these sorts of occasions in coming days. I truly welcome those understudies who helped me to speak to my perspectives before the association by supporting me. Presentation In this undertaking, I have illuminated the issue of sorting out some additional educational plan exercises for understudies in the school. This is an extremely significant issue for all the understudies who feel focused and exhausted from the examinations and furthermore the understudies who need to show their ability in sports. The school ought to compose a few sorts of sports exercises inside its distinctive grounds alongside some social occasions once in a semester. In any case, toward the finish of the semester top 3 understudies ought to be granted. This ought to be done at a greater level and understudies from all courses ought to be invited. Because of this change, understudies will exceed expectations in their general development both genuinely and intellectually. In addition, there are numerous universal understudies who feel yearning to go home and alone in the school. So they will likewise be profited by this. Likewise, understudies will be propelled by the watching others getting grants for their difficult work. Conversation Sections I surveyed with respect to sports and different exercises in school. In this study, I requested to reply in the middle of the rating of 0-10. Like on the off chance that you firmly concur with the conclusion, at that point give 10, etc as per your degree of intrigue. My inquiries were- Do you miss your capacities held previously? Would you like to see those capacities again in Selkirk College? What amount is it critical to sort out capacities and sports exercises in school? Does it lessen feeling of anxiety? Would we be able to gain from this sort of exercises? Will this sort of exercises urge understudies to concentrate more and offer rivalry to different understudies? Is it significant for wellness reason? Is it decreasing achiness to visit the family up somewhat for global understudies? Do you figure it could be extraordinary wellspring of fun in this modest community? In results, I got the greater part of the understudies furnishing 8-10 for their responses. In addition, I grouped conversation with understudies from various nations. Right off the bat, I did with Indian understudies. They said they are feeling the loss of those occasions which they delighted in Indian school and they are eager to appreciate those minutes here as well. At the point when I examined this issue with Canadian understudies they said they couldn't imagine anything better than to see this sort of exercises being composed in the college.â I simply shared my Indian school occasion involvement in them to clarify them smidgen. All the Chinese, Japanese understudies are concurring and eager to see these capacities. Since, we as a whole accept through these occasions we can find out about various societies and show our abilities. Diagram 1 Students from various nations and their advantage We can see from this bar diagram over 70% of the understudies are consenting to sort out these capacities and sports exercises in this school. Fig 1: A case of intercultural occasions Ends In the wake of doing the study with various sorts of understudies, we went to the outcome that over 70% of the understudies concurred with our supposition and they additionally need to see these sorts of occasions in the school. We likewise found that the understudies are inadequate in physical wellness which is influencing their general development. Along these lines, the specialists should make powerful strides in this change for the advancement of the understudies. Suggestions So as to actualize these progressions the school should begin giving free classes and training to the understudies like of Yoga, Cricket, Basketball and some more. The specialists should recruit mentors and mentors in the school. Likewise, the games branch of the school ought to revamp the playing courts and reason for the matches. Besides, the Student Union office ought to segregate the understudies and ought to advance these sorts of occasions in the school. Intercultural occasions like Dance, Dramas ought to be sorted out at a greater level in the school. References [1]â http://globalsportsdevelopment.org/benefits-of-school-based-sports/ [2]â http://www.sparkpe.org/blog/10-plans to-improve-your-schools-pe-program/ [3]â http://www.google.com [4]â http://yuva.epfl.ch/records/content/destinations/yuva/documents/YUVA%20Web%20folder/Cultural/2014/Event%20pics/Cultural%20Events.png Strategy Analysis Paper: Caregiver Relief Act Strategy Analysis Paper: Caregiver Relief Act Austina Burton The North Carolina state enactment I picked is house bill 99, or likewise senate bill 535. It is titled the Caregiver Relief Act. It was documented on February thirteenth, in 2013, in the House of Representatives (House, 2013). The essential patrons in the house are Representative Alma Adams from Guilford County, and Representative Larry Hall from Durham County. Different supporters in the house incorporate Representatives Cunningham, Farmer-Butterfield, Floyd, Gill, Hamilton, Harrison, Insko, Moore, Pierce, and Wray (House, 2013). The Caregiver Relief Act was passed to the senate on March 28th, in 2013. The essential supporters in the Senate are Senator Earline W. Parmon, who is from Forsyth County, and Senator Angela R. Bryant, who speaks to Halifax, Nash, Vance, Warren, and Wilson districts. Another support in the North Carolina Senate was previous congressperson Eleanor Kinnaird (Senate, 2013). The Caregiver Relief Act has costs, advantages, and partners, and is powerful and suit able. Issue The Caregiver Relief Act should address a hole in the Family Medical Leave Act, otherwise called FMLA. The demonstration would change the work laws to give alleviation to parental figures in North Carolina (Caregiver, 2013). The object is to accommodate bolsters in the working environment, under state law, for parental figures, who give direct consideration to certain relatives needing care in those occurrences, where such leave would not be stood to the guardians under government law. (Parental figure, 2013) The Caregiver Relief Act would broaden the insurances of the government Family Medical Leave Act to permit representatives to think about a kin, grandparent, grandkid, stepparent, or parent-in-law.Should a business offer FMLA benefits, the law as of now takes into consideration a worker to take 12 weeks of unpaid, work secured leave (Caregiver, 2013). The general standard the help demonstration would institute is: A business, required to consent to the FMLA, will give a similar leave to a representative to think about a kin, grandparent, grandkid, stepparent, or parent-in-law, that the worker is qualified for under the FMLA at 29 U.S.C. segments 2614 and 2615, as altered, as for a life partner, child, little girl, or parent of the qualified representative for the qualified employee’s kin, grandparent, grandkid, stepchild, stepparent, or parent-in-law. (Guardian, 2013) Expenses and Benefits The expenses of the Caregiver Relief Act would be the same than the costs the Family Medical Leave Act has

Analysis Of Foreign Direct Investment And Marketing Management

Outside direct speculation, showcasing procedure, the board of promoting activities , determinants of FDI, advertise get to Remote direct speculation is the venture that is made by an association or a person in a particular nation identified with the interests in business in the other nation. Remote direct speculation happens when an association intends to grow its activities in an alternate nation or secures business resources in an outside nation. Outside direct venture is pulled in by nations which have an open economy and offers talented workforce to the association. Outside direct ventures can be of three kinds which are, vertical, level and aggregate (Blonigen and Piger 2014). Remote direct venture can be utilized by any association as a universal market technique as indicated by which they can put resources into assembling or setting up another manufacturing plant in an alternate nation. The meaning of FDI is additionally identified with the obtaining of intrigue identified with an organization in another nation. The various ways by which the association can enter another market are, development of offices in another market zone, acquisitions and mergers, interest in joint endeavor which is situated in a remote zone. Outside direct venture is made by an association so they can access to shut markets which are constrained by profession related obstructions (Papadopoulos, Hamzaoui-Essoussi and El Banna 2016). The organizations can exploit the lower costs identified with creation and work in the new market regions of the nation. This kind of venture is significant for some enterprises or organizations which request development and access to innovation. Ventu res are made in various nations with the goal that the association can improve its serious situation in the business (Sheth and Sisodia 2015). The ends that are introduced in the examination are of hugeness in the scholarly and reasonable fields. On one hand, this backings the advancement of the investigations identified with future research identified with the promoting methodologies created subsequent to making interests in the outside nations. Then again, the reasons that are identified with the remote speculation related choices of the associations are additionally introduced. This investigation will consequently help in examining the remote speculations and the procedures identified with promoting. Blonigen, B.A. what's more, Piger, J., 2014. Determinants of outside direct investment. Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'ã ©conomique,â 47(3), pp.775-812. Olson, E.M., Slater, S.F., Hult, G.T.M. what's more, Olson, K.M., 2018. The utilization of human resourceâ the board approaches inside the promoting association: The effect on business and showcasing procedure implementation. Industrial Marketing Management. Papadopoulos, N., Hamzaoui-Essoussi, L. also, El Banna, A., 2016. Country marking for outside direct venture: an Integrative survey and bearings for research and strategy. Journal of Product and Brand Management , 25(7), pp.615-628. Sheth, J.N. what's more, Sisodia, R.S., 2015. Does advertising need change?: Fresh points of view on what's to come. Routledge.

Small Essay For Teachers - What To Do Before You Write A Short But Informative Essay For Children

Small Essay For Teachers - What To Do Before You Write A Short But Informative Essay For ChildrenThe problem with writing a small essay for 3rd graders is that it is hard to write. Although some students may be able to do well when dealing with lengthy topics and ideas, other students will struggle with short essays because they feel intimidated by the topic or they don't have enough time to complete the project.Because of this, most teachers will have their students read a sentence on a random topic and ask them to write a short summary of what they learned. This way, teachers can see how well their students are doing at just reading and writing sentences. But this also shows the students that they are not advanced enough to handle long articles.When you write children's essays for teachers, there are a few things you should keep in mind to help you write a short yet informative article. First, think about the child's age and the subject matter. If the child is about 10 years old, y ou can write an essay on physics, while a child who is much older can write about Shakespeare.Always use simple, easy to understand language because grammar rules will become confusing as the child gets older. And make sure to always use the present tense instead of past tense because this is the only way to tell the past tense from the present one. Always tell the child's name, as well.Keep your writing interesting and make it a unique way to teach the child. You can even write a couple of sentences after you have told the story. When you do this, it will show the child that you have already read the essay and that there was no need to read it again because they learned something new from it.There are some steps that you should take before you write the essay. First, you should write a lot of lesson plans and research papers so that you will know exactly what kind of lesson plan to give the student. Second, you should write two or three paragraphs about the topic before you move on to the next paragraph.Sometimes, it is best to jump right into the next paragraph and tell the child what he/she just learned. For example, when a child knows the meaning of his/her name, you can tell him/her what his/her name means. This will make it easier for the child to remember.As a last note, when you are writing an essay for children, try to make it fun by making it your own topic. After all, teachers always have a hard time trying to get kids to study and write essays. So, you should try to make it your own so that the child will enjoy writing it.

The Biggest College Planning Mistake Parents Make

High school students planning for college have their work cut out for them. Between filling out applications, writing essays and looking for financial aid and scholarships, it's no wonder so many seek help from their parents. Yet while most parents are more than willing to provide advice, many have an outdated perspective on the value of a college degree. Aaron Greene, founder of CollegeLiftoff, a firm that helps families create an academic and financial plan to for higher education, believes parents who view the college planning process the same as it was when they were students are "looking through the wrong lenses". Back in the eighties and nineties, students often went to college just for the experience of going to college, and not much thought was put into what they would get out of it. But today, the costs of college have gotten so high that this old way of thinking just doesn't make sense anymore. In fact, since 1980, the average annual increase in college tuition grew 260%, compared an increase of only 120% for the price of all other consumer goods. These higher prices are also outpacing income levels, leaving Americans with over $1.2 trillion in outstanding student loan debt. According to Greene, parents are often convinced that there's only one path to success, but he helps them understand why this just isn't true. In fact, he says the market is "oversaturated with bachelor's degrees", so students should be very careful when considering their major and expected income relative to the price of the school. His company helps families develop real parameters to "buying" a college education. RELATED: 10 things you need to know about getting scholarships "College needs to be treated like any other investment," says Greene. "You wouldn't invest $80,000-$200,000 in a stock without first consulting a professional. Especially if that stock wasn't growing ï ¿ ½ so why spend that much on an education that's not likely to pay off?" To make logical decisions on how to approach college, parents need to ask the following three questions: How much debt should parents and students take on? The hike in tuition prices caught many parents off guard, and so when it came time to send their children to college, they were left wondering how they would cover the costs. A recent study from Fidelity shows that only 58% of parents in 2007 were saving for college. As a result, families too often resort to borrowing to close the savings gap. In fact, the class of 2015 is the most indebted in history, with an average student loan balance of just over $35,000. The folks at College Liftoff recommend students borrow no more than half of their expected annual starting salary, so that means the average graduate should be earning around $70,000 per year. Unfortunately the actual starting salary for recent grads is much lower ï ¿ ½ closer to $45,000. What is your degree really worth? High school students should start to think about a career path as early as sophomore year. A recommendation from College Liftoff is made based on interviews and conversations intended to bring out the student's passions and how they can apply them in the work world. They provide guidance, but allow the student to lead the discussion. They might have a dream school in mind, but after finding out costs and average indebtedness of graduates they usually want to explore other options. When selecting a college, families need to make a logical financial decision that is largely based on the student's estimated starting salary. College Liftoff recommends that in addition to only borrowing up to one half of the starting salary, parents should only contribute twice the amount that is taken out in loans. So that means if a student expects to make $45,000 a year, they should borrow no than $22,500 and receive no more than $45,000 in parent contributions, paying no more than $67,000 for their degree. If the desired degree costs more, Greene and his team work to find scholarships and other forms of financial aid to bring costs down. RELATED: Want to land a great job? Here's where you should go to school Can you afford the school, and can the school afford you? Another important part of school selection is researching the school's financials. This includes their financial aid giving history, average indebtedness of recent graduates, and average amounts of merit aid and help packages awarded. Students can do their own research with the federal government's College Scorecard, a new tool that provides information earnings data, debt, loan payment and completion metrics for thousands of colleges. However, while it can be helpful, the government's tool only contains data on students who received federal financial aid, and it has no information on any private loans that were taken out. College Liftoff works with families to dig deeper. For example, they look at a school's endowment fund compared with the number of students enrolled, and the average amount of financial aid received per student. Their goal is to uncover anything and everything that can affect not only the tuition price, but also the student's expected ROI. Hear more about what Aaron Greene and other industry experts have to say about paying for college on our College Savings Month Webcast recording. RELATED: 4 things to watch out for when applying to a top school High school students planning for college have their work cut out for them. Between filling out applications, writing essays and looking for financial aid and scholarships, it's no wonder so many seek help from their parents. Yet while most parents are more than willing to provide advice, many have an outdated perspective on the value of a college degree. Aaron Greene, founder of CollegeLiftoff, a firm that helps families create an academic and financial plan to for higher education, believes parents who view the college planning process the same as it was when they were students are "looking through the wrong lenses". Back in the eighties and nineties, students often went to college just for the experience of going to college, and not much thought was put into what they would get out of it. But today, the costs of college have gotten so high that this old way of thinking just doesn't make sense anymore. In fact, since 1980, the average annual increase in college tuition grew 260%, compared an increase of only 120% for the price of all other consumer goods. These higher prices are also outpacing income levels, leaving Americans with over $1.2 trillion in outstanding student loan debt. According to Greene, parents are often convinced that there's only one path to success, but he helps them understand why this just isn't true. In fact, he says the market is "oversaturated with bachelor's degrees", so students should be very careful when considering their major and expected income relative to the price of the school. His company helps families develop real parameters to "buying" a college education. RELATED: 10 things you need to know about getting scholarships "College needs to be treated like any other investment," says Greene. "You wouldn't invest $80,000-$200,000 in a stock without first consulting a professional. Especially if that stock wasn't growing ï ¿ ½ so why spend that much on an education that's not likely to pay off?" To make logical decisions on how to approach college, parents need to ask the following three questions: How much debt should parents and students take on? The hike in tuition prices caught many parents off guard, and so when it came time to send their children to college, they were left wondering how they would cover the costs. A recent study from Fidelity shows that only 58% of parents in 2007 were saving for college. As a result, families too often resort to borrowing to close the savings gap. In fact, the class of 2015 is the most indebted in history, with an average student loan balance of just over $35,000. The folks at College Liftoff recommend students borrow no more than half of their expected annual starting salary, so that means the average graduate should be earning around $70,000 per year. Unfortunately the actual starting salary for recent grads is much lower ï ¿ ½ closer to $45,000. What is your degree really worth? High school students should start to think about a career path as early as sophomore year. A recommendation from College Liftoff is made based on interviews and conversations intended to bring out the student's passions and how they can apply them in the work world. They provide guidance, but allow the student to lead the discussion. They might have a dream school in mind, but after finding out costs and average indebtedness of graduates they usually want to explore other options. When selecting a college, families need to make a logical financial decision that is largely based on the student's estimated starting salary. College Liftoff recommends that in addition to only borrowing up to one half of the starting salary, parents should only contribute twice the amount that is taken out in loans. So that means if a student expects to make $45,000 a year, they should borrow no than $22,500 and receive no more than $45,000 in parent contributions, paying no more than $67,000 for their degree. If the desired degree costs more, Greene and his team work to find scholarships and other forms of financial aid to bring costs down. RELATED: Want to land a great job? Here's where you should go to school Can you afford the school, and can the school afford you? Another important part of school selection is researching the school's financials. This includes their financial aid giving history, average indebtedness of recent graduates, and average amounts of merit aid and help packages awarded. Students can do their own research with the federal government's College Scorecard, a new tool that provides information earnings data, debt, loan payment and completion metrics for thousands of colleges. However, while it can be helpful, the government's tool only contains data on students who received federal financial aid, and it has no information on any private loans that were taken out. College Liftoff works with families to dig deeper. For example, they look at a school's endowment fund compared with the number of students enrolled, and the average amount of financial aid received per student. Their goal is to uncover anything and everything that can affect not only the tuition price, but also the student's expected ROI. Hear more about what Aaron Greene and other industry experts have to say about paying for college on our College Savings Month Webcast recording. RELATED: 4 things to watch out for when applying to a top school

Edmund Burkes Reflections on the Revolution in France and...

In this paper I will compare the theories and ideas from both Edmund Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France and John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty. In comparing these two philosophers, I will be paralleling their ideas and my own ideas I will be attributing them towards the modern day whistleblower, Edward Snowden. Political figures, government representatives and philosophy advocates have carefully studied Burke’s and Mill’s writings over hundreds of years to better understand their theories on governmental control in a society. One of, if not the most noteworthy concept in both their famous writings revolved around the concept of governmental control in a society. Both Burke and Mill have their own theories; they also have many†¦show more content†¦He was a committed advocate of utilitarianism. Mill made it known that he was a strong supporter of giving the power back to the minorities. The minority citizens in a society are the people who always challenge the system and keep the society advancing and evolving. He recognized that the only way we as a society can evolve and prosper is to find a way to give the minority a voice. Edward Snowden is an infrastructure analysis for the NSA. Snowden disclosed classified information to the general public and confidential government mass surveillance programs to the press. He was announced as the NSA’s public whistleblower. His views for these actions are based upon the underlining truths of both Burke and Mill’s theories. He believed that giving the minorities a voice in what their superiors are doing is the right thing to do. As Snowden stated in his interview â€Å"The public is owed an explanation of the motivations behind the people who make these disclosures that are outside of the democratic power.† (Kevin M. Gallagher) It is with his great power that they had to make a decision. Knowing he did not like the fact that the public does not know what he is capable of doing, does he tell everyone openly and possibly put himself at risk? Or does he keep everything still to himself and not worry about the following consequences or what could hap pen to him. Edmund Burke was a true leading figure of the conservative party. While he was writing his pieceShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Issues of Abortion and Gay Marriage1521 Words   |  7 Pagesand of course one conservative philosopher, Burke, to examine the different points of views. Stuart Mill will of course take the standpoint of the traditional liberalist values. Whereas Burke’s views will connect to some Liberalist principles, but for the most part will be more prone to the conservative principles of gradual evolutionary changes instead of revolutionary changes. John Stuart Mill is one of the most revered Liberalist philosophers of his time. Mill was one of the originalRead MoreTradition And Tradition Throughout Contemporary Life2102 Words   |  9 Pagescontemporary life? In your answer consider the views of Edmund Burke and J.S.Mills. Tradition can be defined as ‘The transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation, or the fact of being passed on in this way’ , a custom within tradition is a widely accepted way in which the individual behaves or acts specifically to the particular beliefs of the social group in which they adhere to. As modernity came to fruition, individualism that Mill’s proposed was so intrinsic to modernisation resulted

Biology Prefixes and Suffixes -Phile, -Philic

The suffix -phile  comes from the Greek philos,  which means to love. Words that end with (-phile) refer to someone or something that loves or has a fondness of, attraction to, or affection for something. It also means to have a tendency toward something. Related terms include (-philic),(-philia), and (-philo). Words Ending With  (-Phile) Acidophile (acido-phile): Organisms that thrive in acidic environments are called acidophiles. They include some bacteria, archaeans, and fungi. Alkaliphile (alkali-phile): Alkaliphiles are organisms that thrive in alkaline environments with a pH above 9. They live in habitats such as carbonate-rich soils and alkaline lakes. Barophile (baro-phile): Barophiles are organisms that live in high-pressure habitats, such as deep-sea environments. Electrophile (electro-phile): An electrophile is a compound that is attracted to and accepts electrons in a chemical reaction. Extremophile (extremo-phile): An organism that lives and thrives in extreme environments is known as an extremophile. Such habitats include volcanic, salty, or deep-sea environments. Halophile (halo-phile): A haloophile is an organism that thrives in environments with high salt concentrations, such as salt lakes. Pedophile (pedo-phile):  A pedophile is an individual who has an abnormal attraction to or affection for children. Psychrophile (psychro-phile): An organism that thrives in very cold or frozen environments is a psychrophile. They live in polar regions and deep sea habitats. Xenophile (xeno-phile):  A xenophile is one who is attracted to all things foreign including people, languages, and cultures. Zoophile (zoo-phile):  An individual who loves animals is a zoophile.  This term can also refer to people who have an abnormal sexual attraction to animals. Words Ending With  (-Philia) Acrophilia (acro-philia): Acrophilia is a love of heights or elevated regions. Algophilia (algo-philia): Algophilia is a love of pain. Autophilia (auto-philia): Autophilia is a narcissistic type of self-love. Basophilia (baso-philia): Basophilia describes cells or cell components that are attracted to basic dyes. White blood cells called basophils are examples of this type of cell. Basophilia also describes a blood condition in which there is an increase in basophils in circulation. Hemophilia (hemo-philia):  Hemophilia is a sex-linked blood disorder characterized by excessive bleeding due to a defect in a blood clotting factor. A person with hemophilia has a tendency toward bleeding uncontrollably. Necrophilia (necro-philia): This term refers to having an abnormal fondness of or attraction to dead bodies. Spasmophilia (spasmo-philia):  This nervous system condition involves motor neurons that are overly sensitive and induce convulsions or spasms. Words Ending With  (-Philic) Aerophilic (aero-philic): Aerophilic organisms depend on oxygen or air for survival. Eosinophilic (eosino-philic): Cells or tissues that are readily stained with eosin dye are called eosinophilic. White blood cells called eosinophils are examples of eosinophilic cells. Hemophilic (hemo-philic): This term refers to organisms, particularly bacteria, that have an affinity for red blood cells and grow well in blood cultures. It also refers to individuals with hemophilia. Hydrophilic (hydro-philic): This term describes a substance that has a strong attraction to or affinity for water. Oleophilic (oleo-philic): Substances that have a strong affinity for oil are called oleophilic. Oxyphilic (oxy-philic): This term describes cells or tissues that have an affinity for acid dyes. Photophilic (photo-philic): Organisms that are attracted to and thrive in light are known as photophilic organisms. Thermophilic (thermo-philic): Thermophilic organisms are those that live and thrive in hot environments.

What is Study Food - 2788 Words

Study Foods is a new retail company that will provide niche marketed goods comprising of a variety of specific study foods that is easy to access, in demand, and competitively priced. Study Foods will be an unincorporated partnership with a strategic goal of expanding and introducing a larger range of products and also expanding into an incorporated public business. Study Foods will provide a wide array of competitively priced nutritional snack packs for the target market consisting of people aged 18-25. We are fully aware of the vast amount of retailers which sell similar products and we have specific plans to be the leader in the market. Our intent is to provide the community with unique nutritional study snack packs that they would†¦show more content†¦Forming a better future for students, providing them with a capacity to further their learning ability effortlessly. Mission Statement: Our mission at â€Å"study foods† is to ultimately bridge the gap of eating healthy with study habits, altering the quintessential study mentality of junk food. We plan on providing consumers with the capacity to enhance study performance and efficiency, via simple and attractive means of consuming our products. Company Credo: Study Foods aims to provide and enhance food nutrition for university students with the strategy of reducing malnutrition. Study Foods belief it so create a strong link between eating healthy and studying, but provide the consumer with a quality. 2.3‘Organisational Stakeholders’ As per Freeman (1983), a holistic approach to organisations is required, where the business aims to satisfy all parties who have a â€Å"stake† in the business. This is a significant shift, away from the concept of shareholder wealth maximisation in previous eras. Further, the long-run survival of the business will be supported by the stakeholder perspective, as it will not only create value for the shareholders (by making shareholders more wealthy), but also create value for other stakeholders (Freeman et al., 2004) Ranking of Stakeholders, based on relevance and importance to Study Foods: 1. Environment 2. Customers 3.Show MoreRelatedStreet Foods725 Words   |  3 PagesINTRODUCTION AND ITS BACKGROUND Background of the Study Street food  is ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public places, such as a market or fair, by a vendor, often from a portable  stall. Most street foods are classed as both  finger food  and  fast food, and are cheaper on average than restaurant meals. According to a 2007 study from the  Food and Agriculture Organization, 2.5 billion people eat street food every day. In the Philippines it is easy to prepare and eatenRead MoreFood Choices Of College Life And Time Affect Eating Habits1188 Words   |  5 Pages The purpose of my paper is to study the motivations in food choices of college students to see how college life and time affect eating habits. Students often must balance busy lives and have limited income, so money and time often are critical when deciding what to eat. The main concepts of my research question have to do with what causes people to eat healthily or unhealthily. The point is to try to understand what influences people’s eating habits, primarily how social class and time influenceRead MoreFast Food Industry Research Proposal1593 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Proposal (Fast Food Industry) To study the attitude towards consumption of healthy food within the fast food industry Background We are a marketing research team of a fast food chain store. With increasing awareness about healthy food among the masses and with consumer preferences changing towards healthy food, we intend to launch a health food segment to cater to this need of the customers. We are also concerned about the pricing of the product that whether it should be priced same asRead MoreThe Influence of Media on Teenagers Diet788 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Media influence Food product choice is overwhelming as well as TV commercials and print advertisements that want to sell their food products to us. Who to believe? How to choose? Do you trust what is shown to you? Obviously, it’s up to each of us to decide what we eat but if we’re constantly bombarded with images of food every time we pick up a magazine then we’re going to be swayed in what we choose. The advertising of snack and so called junk foods to young people  is being blamedRead MoreApplying the Background and Methodology of the Research Process to Problems in Healthcare1402 Words   |  6 Pagesaddition, the school lunch program is important in providing food children from disadvantaged backgrounds (the subsidized National School Lunch program serves over 28 million schoolchildren a day). Thus, the role of schools in shaping the eating habits its of students as well as the potential for school-cafeteria dining to affect students purchasing patterns is important to consider. Due to changes in school cafeteria practices, a students food choices are poorer today than they were years ago. SnellingRead MoreLow Income Residents : The United States Department Of Agriculture1420 Words   |  6 Pagesvery little access to healthy food items are commonly known as â€Å"food deserts†. Definitions of this term may very but the phrase was first used in 1990 by researchers i n the United Kingdom. â€Å"Food deserts† became a popular word in the United States by 2003 to describe certain areas of Mississippi that were nowhere near supermarkets. The United States Department of Agriculture recognized â€Å"food deserts† as regions with very little access to affordable and nutritious foods, predominantly communities withRead MoreThe Intake Of Food And Fluid During Labour1696 Words   |  7 PagesThe intake of food and fluid during labour: One of the most challenging stages of pregnancy can be the intrapartum period. This is the period were a women is birthing her child, although it may be really challenging it is also the most exciting part of pregnancy for most couples. Bridget is a twenty-eight year old multiparous women who is thirty-nine weeks and five days pregnant. Bridget has been admitted into the labour ward with antenatal history showing a normal physiological pregnancy and sheRead MoreMandatory Labeling Of Genetically Modified Foods1671 Words   |  7 Pages(US Const. amend. I, sec. 3). But do we have the right to know what we are taking into our bodies? Recently, the proposal arose that there should be mandatory labeling of genetically modified (GM) foods in the United States. The proposal was however, rejected at the national, state, and local levels. According to the World Health Organization, genetically modified foods are foods with artificial transformed DNA. Genetically modified foods are made from the slicing of the DNA of different genes fromRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1637 Words   |  7 Pagesfuture, and what are the contributing factors to this increase in obese youths. A possible contributing factor is food advertisements that contain poor-nutrient food and are targeted at children. Children and adolescents are constantly exposed to various advertisements on a daily basis. Many studies have suggested that there would be an overall reduction in obesity and overweight rates with the ban or reduction of nutrient-poor food advertisements. The combination of advertisements of poor food choicesRead MoreWe Must Regulate the Advertising of Unhealthy Fast Food Essay1494 Words   |  6 Pages Think back to last year’s Super Bowl. What do we really remember about the event? One might say the game-winning drive, the players excitement, but what most of us remember was the commercials. The hilarious Old Spice commericals, the creative, funny, car commercials, and most importantly the dozens of commercials about food. Ranging from Campbell’s Soup, to Snickers, to Coca Cola, these commercials seem to be shown just for our entertainment; however, although we might not realize it, they do

Essay on Week 2 - 809 Words

Labor relations chapter 1 – 2 notes 1. Experts believe that the widening gap between the richest and poorest individuals in the U.S. is in part due to the weakened position of labor unions. (Points : 1) | True False | 2. In the U.S., most workers can be discharged for good cause, no cause, and even a morally wrong cause, as long as the discharge is not on the basis of race, gender, religion or another classification protected by law. (Points : 1) | True False | 3. Conflicts between what employees want and what employers want are generally resolved privately between the individual and his/her employer. (Points : 1) | True False | 4. Neoliberal market†¦show more content†¦Compared to other countries, the system of labor relations in the U.S. is (Points : 1) | Loosely regulated Tightly regulated Similarly regulated Unfairly regulated | 10. It has been argued that demand for services traditionally provided for by unions has declined over time due to: (Points : 1) | Laws prohibiting unions from providing th e same services that they used to provide Unions placing too much emphasis on organizing new members instead of representing the interests of those they already have Substitution of union services by enlightened employer practices and protective legislation The perception that unions and management are too tight and are more interested in protecting each other than they are in protecting union workers | 11. The media generally report employment issues from the perspective of a typical worker, as opposed to the consumer or business leaders perspective. (Points : 1) | True False | 12. The labor problem can be defined as undesirable outcomes created out of an employment relationship which is inequitable, contentious, and exploitive. (Points : 1) | True False | 13. Mass manufacturing can be at leastShow MoreRelatedWeek 2967 Words   |  4 Pageseffectively being used to make adjustments as necessary. Project tend to go through changes as the project goes, and another feature is the p roject tracing, which allows the PM to revise the plan and see impact of changes, to make better decisions. 2. Imagine that you are interviewing for a job when the interviewer asks you which cost-benefit analysis technique is best for assessing a project’s economic feasibility. What would your response be? Respond to at least two of your classmates’ postingsRead MoreWeek 21062 Words   |  5 Pagesan emergency situation. The majority of phone calls to the police are in need of social service as opposed to those relating to crimes. There are several factors that shape what police do. Police officers are available 24 hours a day seven days a week. People call on the police when they find themselves in an emergency situation and there is not another agency available. Because of this availability, it sometimes gives officers a heavy workload. Police work is different and unique from otherRead MoreWeek 21061 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment  2:  Marketing  Plan Name Institutional affiliation Date Target Market The Affordable Blended Smoothie, Inc. will be producing a healthy non-alcoholic product. As more families and the society continue struggle to maintain healthy lifestyles, the new beverage comes at the right time in remedying the situation. The new energy drink will be suitable to all classes of people regardless of their age, educational level, income, gender, or ethnic affiliationRead MorePhi 210 Week 2 Phi210 Week 23502 Words   |  15 Pageshttp://workbank247.com/q/phi210-phi-210-complete-course-phi210-complete-cou/11059 http://workbank247.com/q/phi210-phi-210-complete-course-phi210-complete-cou/11059 PHI 210 Week 1 Discussion Critical Thinking in the Workplace  Ã‚  Please respond to the following: * The video clip â€Å"Thinking on the Job† in the Webtext this week illustrates the importance of critical thinking, especially in work contexts. Define the concept of critical thinking in your own words. Discuss a time in either your work orRead MoreWeek 2 Quiz1376 Words   |  6 Pagesquestions are worth the same point value (3 points each). Email me your completed quiz no later than Sunday, Nov 2nd. Chapter 1: TRUE/FALSE (1-9) 1) Management science involves the philosophy of approaching a problem in a subjective manner. FALSE 2) Management scientists use the terms data and information interchangeably--that is, the two terms mean the same thing. TRUE 3) A variable is a value that is usually a coefficient of a parameter in an equation. TRUE 4) Parameters are known, constantRead MoreSpe 513 Week 2 Spe513 Week 2 Essay1027 Words   |  5 PagesSPE 513 Complete Course SPE513 Complete Course Click Link for the Answer: http://workbank247.com/q/spe-513-complete-course-spe513-complete-course/13555 http://workbank247.com/q/spe-513-complete-course-spe513-complete-course/13555 SPE 513 WEEK 1 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT REFLECTION PAPER Write  a 500- to 750-word reflection paper. Include  your experiences and beliefs as a student in a classroom with exceptional students. Address  the following questions: * How was diversity addressed when you wereRead MoreWeek 2 Assignment1945 Words   |  8 PagesWeek 2 (7) Trade and Comparative Advantage Chapter 3 Problem set Exercise 2.1 Assume there are just two countries in the world, i.e. the European Union (EU) and the Rest of the World (RW). Both countries produce and consume 2 products: bicycles (b) and apples (a). Per bike, the EU puts in 3 hours of labour while the RW puts in 5. Per ton of apples, the EU needs 2 hours v. the RW 1 hour of labour. A further given is that the EU has 2400 hours of labour available v. RW 1600. The worldRead MoreWEEK 2 QUIZ805 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Question 1 2 out of 2 points If a response is followed by a pleasurable consequence, it will tend to be repeated. If a response is followed by an unpleasant consequence, it will tend not to be repeated. This is a statement of ________________. Answer Selected Answer: Thorndike s Law of Effect Question 2 2 out of 2 points A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research on ______. Answer Selected Answer: operant conditioning Question 3 2 out of 2 points A childRead MoreWeek 2 Project Charter 2941 Words   |  4 PagesPB, or PBD used to advance the project. Project Manager and Stakeholders Who will lead this project? Who are the major stakeholders? Milestones What are the key milestone dates associated with the project? Implementation Vote 2 Months Project Timeline   Key milestones Planning: Apr 2013 - Dec 2013 Design: Jan 2014 - Dec 2014 Bid / Award: Jan 2015 - Apr 2015 Construction: May 2015 - Mar 2016 Closeout: Apr 2016 - Jul 2016 Project Timeline (Subcatogories) Demolition of old playgroundRead MoreWeek 2 Quiz1279 Words   |  6 Pages. (TCO 2) Bubba’s Crawfish Processing Company uses a traditional overhead allocation based on direct labor hours. For the current year overhead is estimated at $2,250,000 and direct labor hours are budgeted at 415,000 hours. Actual overhead was $2,200,000 and actual direct labor hours worked were 422,000. (a) Calculate the predetermined overhead rate. Rate, based on budgeted factory overhead cost and budgeted activity, that is established before a period begins. 2,250,000/415,000 Budgeted

Computer Hardware Assignment - 3019 Words

COMPUTER HARDWARE HIT 1403. Assignment 1 Bektemir Kassymov Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................3 Hard Disk .....................................................................................................................................5 History of hard disks. ................................................................................................................................................ 6 Technology of recording data on hard disks. ........................................................................................................ 6 RAM (Random-Access Memory)†¦show more content†¦So what constitutes such unique human invention? The first sign by which computers differ is a platform. We can distinguish two major PC platforms: Platform of IBM compatible computers includes a huge range and variety of computers, from simple family computers to very complex and hi-tech servers. It’s t he platform that is usually known by user as a PC. Actually it is not obligatory that best IBM – compatible computers should be manufactured by IBM, this â€Å"blue giant† only created such standard, but now IBM is just one of the many PC manufacturers. Another platform - Apple is represented by respectively not so popular computers Macintosh. They use their own, special software, and their filling is significantly differs from IBM. Typically, IBM-compatible PCs are made up of three parts (blocks): the system unit, monitor (display) keyboard (a device that allows you to enter characters into your computer). Computers are available in a portable form - in the laptop (2-5kg laptop) Here, the system unit, monitor and keyboard are enclosed in one case: if you remove the system block and look inside, you can see all details corresponding to the next PC architecture. However, there are devices that are in any case set on a modern PC. Typical Personal Computer is composed fro m a case and following parts: †¢ Motherboard. 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Ethical Egoism free essay sample

Imagine that you’re walking down a crowded street and an old woman with bags in her hand is walking towards you. The handles on her bags break, and all of her belongings go tumbling to the ground. People walk by, look at her, and keep walking. Unlike them, you stop and help her pick everything up. She simply looks at you and says, â€Å"Thank you†. You smile at her and then continue on your way, feeling much better about yourself because you cared enough to stop and help. Some people think we ought to only do what is best for ourselves, but I will present evidence that this is a misunderstanding of ethics and the incorrect way of approaching ethics. Ethical egoism doesn’t say that we have no choice but to act in our self-interest like psychological egoism. Instead, it says that we ought to only do what is in our personal rational self-interest; this self-interest should be long term. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Egoism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, an ethical egoist realizes that I should go to the dentist to get a cavity removed even though it causes me pain because it can prevent even more pain in the future. In this paper, I will explain what ethical egoism is, give examples why ethical egoism is incorrect, provide examples that support ethical egoism, and clarify why those reasons are inaccurate. We have â€Å"natural duties† to others â€Å"simply because they are people who could be helped or harmed by our actions† (FE p. 113). In other words, if a certain action on our part could help another, then this is a reason why we should help others. The interests of others count from a moral point of view, even if ethical egoism claims that morality comes from doing what is in our self-interest; I don’t believe that true. So: other peoples’ interests are significant and count from a moral point of view. We can help others. Thus, we should help others. This argument would be an argument for altruism. Some disagree with it, namely ethical egoists; according to ethical egoism, â€Å"one has a moral obligation to only serve and promote one’s own interests† (FE p. 107). The first argument I would like to bring to light is the argument from altruism. It starts with three assumptions. 1.) We do not know the interests of others. Since we cannot know others’ interests, we are likely to fail in our attempts to help others. We are, however, in a good position to know our own interests. 2.) Helping others is invasive. 3.) Helping others can be degrading in the way it says that they  are not competent to care for themselves. From these assumptions, we get the following argument: 1.) We should do whatever will promote the interests of everyone alike. 2.) The interests of others are best promoted if each of us adopts the policy of pursuing our own interests. 3.) Thus, each of us should adopt the policy of pursuing our own interests exclusively. However, retaliation is quite simple. The above argument is not an egoistic argument—it’s actually an altruistic one. Notice that although the conclusion says that we ought to act egoistically, the conclusion is driven by the motivation of altruism (in premise 1). So it really says, â€Å"In order to be successfully altruistic, everyone should act as an egoist.† Thomas Hobbes’s argument says that common-sense moral intuitions can always be explained in terms of ethical egoism. We should do certain things (like tell the truth, don’t kill, etc.) because in the long run they serve our interests. Examples of those would be if we make a habit of harming others, people will be reluctant to help us or refrain from harming us (thus it is in our own interests not to harm others), and if we lie to people, we will get a bad reputation so people won’t be honest with us as a result (thus it is in our own best interests to be truthful). Hobbes’s argument looks something like this: 1.) If it serves my own interests to adopt some â€Å"altruistic principles,† then I should adopt some altruistic principles. 2.) It serves my own interests (as in the examples provided above) to adopt some â€Å"altruistic principles.† 3.) In conclusion, I should adopt some altruistic principles (Hobbes, EL, p. 120). Hobbes’s argument is the reverse of the argument from altruism. (We start with egoistic motivations and goals, and end up acting like altruists.) A great example of why ethical egoism doesn’t work lies in racism. Why doesn’t racism work? Because it claims that one groups’ interests are more important than another’s yet fails to be able to show that the one group has properties which are salient in the sense of proving that they’re more important. Now what about egoism? It requires that we believe that from each person’s perspective, his or her own interests are more important than everyone else’s. If this is so, we must be able to come up with some salient differences between the self and others to ground it. Otherwise, it is no different than racism. However, an ethical egoist could simply say it is in fact in our best interest to put our own interests above everyone else’s. If everyone were to do that, we would all be of the same importance. Now, I’m going to integrate an argument for ethical egoism that I learned in an economics class. It’s called the invisible hand, which is an economic theory that claims that we should expect a prosperous society from rationally self-interested individuals motivated by profit who compete for business. The invisible hand is an argument for ethical egoism because if the invisible hand argument is sound, ethical egoism within a capitalistic economy leads to prosperity. Ethical egoism is endorsed by the invisible hand argument as long as it requires people to act on the profit motive, have rational self-interest and has absolutely no need for empathy. Ethical egoism could be used for practical reasons because everyday decision-making is not necessarily compatible with a completed moral theory. There might be some sort of ethical egoism that encourages us to have empathy, help others, and look out for the interests of others, but the egoism endorsed by the â€Å"invisible hand† is not that sort of egoism. Instead, it requires a more selfish and pure form of egoism. This kind of egoism is impractical because we generally hurt others exactly when we think it’s in our self-interest to do so, and it seems false because it seems unlikely that hurting others would never be in our personal self-interest. Whether you believe the moral thing to do is pursuing your own self interest exclusively or that doing the moral thing is simply doing the right thing in regards to others’ needs, morals are and always have been a complicated issue. We are raised with morals, told to obey the moral laws, we marry people with the same moral values that we posses, and then pass on our moral values to our children. Although there are positives to ethical egoism, such as only being responsible for your own self-interests, I don’t believe it’s the correct approach to ethics. I believe in altruism, and it only takes one person doing a truly selfless act to disprove ethical egoism.

Usability Report on the Battery

Questions: Create a usability report on the battery using the three sections outlined below. 1. Write an Executive Summary. 2. Write a requirements analysis and/or a task analysis. 3. Conduct a usability analysis on the device. Answers: Executive summary Cogstate Brief Battery is a playing card based battery and it is administered by IT technologies. Diseases such as schizophrenia, Alzheimers disease, dementia, depression, etc., which are neurodegenerative are screened by this battery. The ability of individuals in cognitive tasks are measured by this battery which are impaired with the diseases (Cogstate, 2015., Maruff et al., 2013). There are four tests which the battery is composed of. The tests have been designed so as to measure different domain of diseases. The four tests are as follows: Detection Test: Processing speed is measured by this test through the use of reaction time paradigm. Identification Test: Attention is measured by this test through the use of a choice reaction time paradigm One Card Learning Test: Visual Learning is measured by this test through the use of a pattern separation paradigm and One-back Test: Working memory is measured by this test through the use of an end back paradigm (Cogstate, 2015). Exploration of The One Card Learning Task and The Detection Task will be done for the purpose of this analysis. The clinical trials of Cogstate provide the scientific services and products for optimization of the design and execution of the clinical trials aimed at establishing the cognitive effects of the investigation or the marked products. The designs have the computer tests which are specific to patients populations, in this case, they are reliable for use, brief and concise, valid, sensitive to the changes across the languages and cultural aspects. The cogstate gives the provisions for management for scale, monitoring services, and the paper and pencil neuropsychological testing, and questionarres for the patient reports the outcome. Requirement analysis The batteries engage the study subjects which are the cogstate tests are known to be brief in the industry. For the appropriate site staff it involved with scheduling in the patient and also do the requirement study analysis, and at the end of the survey appreciate the ease use of the cogstate system. The products delivered in the approach of various platforms which are the laptops, web based and also on the tablets. In this case, they do not require to checked by an expert in neuropsychologist, but they can conduct from remote access. The training process for the system is easy. The system has to meet all the relevant regulatory and security requirements, also, the clinical data integrity. The system is procedure guidelines are in line with the ISO 9001:2008. The computerized tests in the cogstate clinical trials have provision rapid, sensitive, and valid measure of the different cognitive functions. The tests use novel and verbal stimuli to enhance the assessment. All the tasks are designed for repetitive practices in the little training and learning factors making them a high factor for the clinical trials. The batteries comprise of some individual tasks each designed to a particular area of cognition. Each single task battery is customizable. The services includes are scientific consultations, scales management; it also includes the selection, training, certification, recalibrations and the quality control measures. The teams in the clinical developments always the cost efficient and scale and high quality cognitive data. The management and training services are provided by the cogstate. High quality cognitive data is of the essence, and will result in the generation and collection of valid questionnaires. The baseline and change in the range of cognitive domains are measured by various cognitive tasks which are computerized. Memory, attention, language cognition, executive function and emotional cognition can be assessed by specific tasks. Not only that the effect of drugs, nutraceuticals, devices are also determined by the batteries. The batteries re also used in screening programs and large scale sports medicine programs. International peer reviewed journals have also validated the cogstate testing method. A wide range of cognitive domains such as attention cognition, social-emotional cognition, simple reaction tome are targeted by these batteries. The tests are designed to decrease the noise from cognitive records taken from the trials in research and increase the signal . and The ability has been proven to detect both the reduction in the in cognition and improvement. Usability analysis on the device There has been extensive use of Cogstate batteries for assessing a number of diseases. Four cognitive domains are assessed by the Cogstate batteries. These are Working memory Visual learning Attention Processing speed Any of the four tests which have been mentioned in the starting of the paper may be used by researchers for measuring the domains. The researchers may choose test according to their suitability and convenience. The use of the cogstate batteries have been very reliable as it has been tested by a large number of researchers. A huge range of language and cultural groups have used these tests and given positive feedbacks with respect to reliability of the batteries. Using and navigation of minimal interface is easy. The difference between a failed and a successful experiment can be made by the services provided by the Cogstate. It will be helpful for the clinical teams. Assessment of cognitive functions in both younger and older adults and in clinical gropus suffering from pysochologiocal illness and dementian are done by the costate batteries. The battery has always been described in detail in the scientific literature and used broadly to guide clinical decision making in early phase settings. Due of its brevity and lack of generation of any practice effects upon repeated administration, it can be given many times in a single day and then on many days in the same experiment. The psychometric characteristics of the Cogstate Early Phase battery and its demonstrated sensitivity to change associated with drug effects are the subject of numerous for peer-review scientific journal publications. In the early phase Clinical Research Units want to imlement a proven, sensitive and rapid test battery to measure the cognitive effect of the new drugs of their Pharmaceutical Sponsor clients, the Cogstate scientific consultancy , software, training and data monitoring systems enable fast yet precise cognitive data collection. The other test batteries, the Cogstate Early Phase battery is easy to use, engaging and brief for subjects. For site staff, the system is quick to set-up, requires minimal training, is very easy to use and requires minimal data reconciliation work. Assessment of the device Benefits are accrued to battery users of targeted clinical population. The users do not need to learn the use of battery and they are also not distracted by the new information while progressing through the test. Thus there is not more interference from the programming which are assessed by the battery. However, there are certain flaws associated with the use of the battery. The Cogstate Research comprises a customizable range of computerized cognitive tasks able to conduct baseline and change in a wide variety of cognitive domains. The baseline and change in the range of cognitive domains are measured by various cognitive tasks which are computerized. Memory, attention, language cognition, executive function and emotional cognition can be assessed by specific tasks. Not only that the effect of drugs, nutraceuticals, devices are also determined by the batteries. It would not be feasible to use the batteries in screening and large-scale sports medicine programs. Audition of the quality and data systems are done by global pharmaceutical companies and by independent consultants. There are flaws associated with the use of battery. The feedbacks of error should be shown in red because red is accepted as an error colour. There is problem in understanding the error tone which accompanies the display as it cannot be heard properly. There are also certain guess abilities associated with the test and both my volunteer and I did not require the reading of detailed instructions while applying the test. There were concise instructions written and the instruction page also contained a start button. Signifiers and conventional constraints were used by the start button. The button was dark and it lit up once an user proceeds. Mapping was also used to establish a similarity between the onscreen keys and the keyboard keys. Thus I completed using the battery without going through much of the instructions. I could easily identify what needed to be done. The feedback for correct responses was being shown in green which was quite pleasing. However the error feedbacks were accompanied by low tone and blue cross and I did not find pleasing at all in the beginning. It created a kind of confusion. I tried to click on the no and yes button as it seemed to me that those buttons were clickable which were actually not. The mapping of the two keys on screen which were analogous to the keyboard was however appreciable. The tasks were quite lengthy and at some points I was getting really confused whether I was still in the practice test or in the real test. The tests being lengthy I was getting a bit bored as well. These were the minor problems associated with the performance of the tasks. Overall the tests have been designed quite well and it was a pleasant experience for me. References Alzheimers disease. BMC Pharmacology Toxicology, 1. doi: 10.1186/2050-7283-1-30 Barbas, N., Darby, D., Giordani, B., Hammers, D., Heidebrink, J., Persad, C., Ryan, K., Spurgeon, E.(2012). Validity of a brief computerized cognitive screening test in dementia. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 25, 89 99. Doi:10.1177/0891988712447894 Cogstate Ltd. (2015, October 10). Cogstate brief battery. Retrieved from: community-dwelling older adults. J Alzheimers.Dis 2011;27(3):627-37. Lim YY, Ellis KA, Harrington K, Ames D, Martins RN, Masters CL, et al. Use of the CogState Brief Battery in the assessment of Alzheimer's disease related cognitive impairment in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study. J Clin Exp.Neuropsychol. 2012;34(4):345-58. Lim, Y. Y., Jaeger, J., Harrington, K., Ashwood, T., Ellis, K. a, Stffler, A., Maruff, P. (2013). Three- Month Stability of the CogState Brief Battery in Healthy Older Adults. Louey, A. G., Cromer, J. A., Schembri, A. J., Darby, D. G., Maruff, P., Makdissi, M., Mccrory, P. (2014). Detecting cognitive impairment after concussion: sensitivity of change from baseline and normative data methods using the CogSport/Axon cognitive test battery. Archives of Clinical Maruff P, Thomas E, Cysique L, Brew B, Collie A, Snyder P, et al. Validity of the CogState brief battery: relationship to standardized tests and sensitivity to cognitive impairment in mild traumatic brain injury, schizophrenia, and AIDS dementia complex. Arch.Clin Neuropsychol. 2009;24(2):165-78. Maruff, P., Lim, Y. Y., Darby, D., Ellis, K. A., Pietrzak, R. H., Snyder P. J., Bush, A. I., Szoeke, C., Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimers Disease: Results from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle-Rate of Change Substudy (AIBL-ROCS). Archives of clinical neuropsych.

Sample GED RLA Extended Response With Essay

Sample GED RLA Extended Response With EssayA Sample GED Response-Knowledge (RLA) Extended Response is a required course for high school students interested in earning a General Education diploma. Typically, you will need to write a multiple-choice essay on the following topic: student's goal of obtaining a GED; approaches to increasing student proficiency in English language arts and mathematics; student's role in influencing academic achievement and success in the future; student's role in helping others to develop the knowledge and skills they need for their future career; student's role in promoting lifelong learning; student's role in helping to sustain personal growth and development; student's involvement in fostering a nurturing learning environment; student's involvement in meeting national goals and objectives for students; student's role in helping students become productive learners.The GED-RLA Extended Response requires several elements and is intended to help students pr epare for the 'big time.' Several things can be included in this section of the course, including an essay, a quiz, a short report, and a personal statement. If you are interested in earning a General Education diploma, you should definitely take a look at what this short course has to offer you.Students participating in this section of the course will work on a wide variety of topics. Some of the topics that students will cover include: the student's role in promoting lifelong learning; student's role in developing lifelong learning opportunities; student's role in sustaining personal growth and development; student's role in nurturing learning opportunities; student's role in promoting lifelong learning by encouraging achievement; student's role in encouraging quality student performance in terms of academic achievement; student's role in encouraging quality student performance in terms of interpersonal development; student's role in promoting lifelong learning by contributing to the growth of the learner; student's role in preventing academic failure by providing the learner with the skills necessary to achieve academic success; student's role in enhancing student proficiency in the English language arts and mathematics. As you can see, there are many different topics that you can choose to focus on as you prepare for your GED-RLA Extended Response essay.In order to get the most out of your Sample GED RLA Extended Response with Essay, it is important to know what the requirements are. First, you should not have a 'problem' grade (any score above a 50% in the Essay section). This is in reference to students who are under the age of 16 and/or under the age of 21, who do not have a Social Security Number. Second, you should check the student's age before completing the online form.In order to receive credit for your Sample GED RLA Extended Response with Essay, you should provide your Social Security Number. This will help you keep your grades consistent from o ne essay to the next. Next, you should get a sense of how much information is necessary for your essay. Many courses have very strict rules regarding essay topics and the amount of information that you should include in the essay.If you have not taken a Sample GED RLA Extended Response with Essay, this will give you a good idea of what you should expect. It will also give you a good idea of what you should expect if you decide to take this course in the future.With all of the information that you will need for the Sample GED RLA Extended Response with Essay, it is time to sit down and create your essay. There are a number of different types of essay styles available to you, and it is important that you choose the one that works best for you.With a little bit of research, you should find a style that is appropriate for your needs and your essay. Once you have chosen a style, make sure that you are working on a well-written essay so that you will receive all of the credit that you des erve when you complete the course.

Digital Divide Essays - Digital Media, NetDay, Non-profit Technology

Digital Divide The Digital Define is the distance between the people who have adequate access to technology and those who do not. As teachers, we have numerous avenues through which we can assist in narrowing the gap of the Digital Divide. Some suggestions are the following: 1. Gather teaching materials through sources such as: www.pbs.org/digitaldivide/about.html www.pbs.org/digitaldivide/learning.html www.siliconvallydigitaldivide.net www.ed.gov/free www.fcs.gov/resources.html 1-800-257-5126 2. Donate a computer, obtain a donated computer, or upgrade an obsolete one. Many organizations have been developed to assist in this task; a few are as follows: Share the Technology - www.sharetechnology.org Computers for Learning www.computers.fed.gov NewDeal www.newdealine.com Heaven www.heavens.org 3. Keep informed about the most recent government initiatives, as well as what politicians and government officials have to say. A variety of Web sites can aid you in this undertaking; some are listed here: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Technology www.ed.gov/Technology Federal Communications Commission www.fcc.gov.major.html Closing the Digital Divide www.digitaldivide.gov The National Telecommunications and Information Administration www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/fttn99/contents.html The Digital Divide Network www.digitaldividenetwork.org 4. Investigate the community access centers (CACs) in your area and spread the word about their availability. CACs include places such as libraries, community centers, schools, and other public-access locations. 5. Learn about model initiatives successful models. A few projects include: The Digital Divide Project www.washington.edu/wto/digital/resources/html NetDay www.netday.org Alliance for Community Technology www.communitytechnology.org The Foundry www.thefoundry.org The Village Foundation www.villagefoundation.org/PROGRAMS/pathways/technology/index.html PowerUP: Bridging the Digital Divide www.powerup.org The Maine Laptop Program Lightspan, Inc. www.lightspan.com Plugged In www.pluggedin.org Neighborhood Network www.hud.gov/nnwnnwindex.html 6. Explore opportunities for corporate support. A good place to start is www.wested.org/tie/grant.html#corporate. This site has a list of corporate and foundation funding sources and other grant related resources. The model initiative I chose to investigate is NetDay. NetDay is a project connecting students and their teachers in under-served communities with the necessary resources to facilitate learning through education technology. From this site, NetDay Compass is accessible. NetDay Compass is a teachers guide to educational technology resources. There are sections on developing technology plans, technology infrastructure, grant and funding, classroom support, and model high tech schools. Here teachers will find the information they need to include technology in education and narrow the gap of the digital divide. In the three years I have been teaching in Louisiana, I have seen numerous incidents of digital divide. However, one particular incident stands out in my mind the most. Last year, I had a Financial Math class made up of mostly juniors and seniors. I had never really though about students not having access to the Internet or much less a computer. We had just finished a unit on hiring expenses, when I decide to have the students complete a mock job search. I gave them a list of web sites and asked them to go home and find a job add and bring it back the next day. To my surprise, most of the student brought adds from the newspaper, which was perfectly fine, but it peaked my curiosity. I started inquiring why they had clipped the articles instead of clicking for them. Come to find out, only about ? of the 26 student class had access to the Internet away from school. I was astonished. In addition, the students that had used the Internet to job hunt tended to bring in more professional typ e job interest as compared to the students who used the newspaper. Was this just a coincidence or are the students without Internet access limited in their employment opportunities? The conclusion I have reached scares me! Computers and Internet

201 Week 1 Essay

Psy/201 Week 1 Essay Psy/201 Week 1 Essay My daughter has ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). Some of the problems that I deal with on a daily are lack of attention, failure to follow instructions, loses things easily, and impulsive behaviors. However, having to deal with this, we are dealing with growing pains, her body is growing fast, but her bones are taking their time, so she has some discomfort. With that, her physician told her when she feels pain she may have a pain pill. However this is been a constant problem, every day she has pain. Therefore, I decided to give her a low dose Bayer aspirin, instead of Tylenol. Within less than twenty minutes, she is telling me she is doing just fine. The next couple of days I changed the aspirin to a vitamin, and got the same reaction. For the past 7 months, when she feels pain, she takes a vitamin believing it is a painkiller, and again the same result. In less than twenty minutes, she is feeling no more pain, or discomfort. I used the informal research method of ex perimental research. Psychologist produces a change in one variable to observe the effects of that change on other variables. This is the placebo effect, when a patient has symptoms, they receive what they think is treatment, and their symptoms disseminate. If I had to make this decision again, I am not sure I would handle it the same way again. I personally acknowledge that I am dealing with a child not well; I believe that I am not hurting, but I know I am not helping either, I have seen that

Graffiti as a Spatial Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Graffiti as a Spatial Practice - Essay Example This is the type of people who air their views through graffiti and put them up in strategic places in the city. Taking a tour around suburbs this can be confirmed for sure. Besides putting up encouraging words or even passing across messages graffiti can be used to comfort people who tend to know where they come from and who relate to it. Speech does not necessarily mean word of mouth in this case thus can be used manipulatively to achieve the main goal of communication. A symbol is a giant tool when it comes to relaying messages because they can easily be interpreted and require a short time to come up with. In a way, graffiti conveys most sensitive information by putting up symbols and images for the purpose. Names point out without necessarily having meaning they too tend to ring a bell to the readers. Graffiti cannot be related to a given group of people because it’s universally applicable across the globe. Relating graffiti with an interpretation of de Certeau wouldn’t be deemed wrong because all in all graffiti as sure as any other functional tool qualifies to be a spatial practice that needs to be allocated.  

Healthcare Interpersonal Communication Research Paper

Healthcare Interpersonal Communication - Research Paper Example Communication is important in practically all human endeavors, especially in the provision of healthcare. The Mental and Physical Health Platform noted that â€Å"better communication and cooperation between medical disciplines, careers, families and service users, must be prioritized to ensure a 360 ° approach to mental and physical health† (Bowis et al., n.d., p. 1). All those involved in healthcare- health professionals, patients and family members should be able to communicate well as part of good practices in improved recognition, monitoring, diagnosis and management of health problems. Likewise, the Mental and Physical Health Platform recognized that implementation of â€Å"measures for improved health literacy, access to better health promoting services, information and advice on lifestyle changes and other factors â€Å" is pat of empowering the â€Å"service users together with their families and careers†. Definitely, effective communication is vital in thi s empowerment. Ensuring effective communication is a great task which should be pursued by the healthcare providers. There are communication problems which have to be identified, and properly solved to guarantee the desired results in healthcare provision and management: health, survival and quality of life. â€Å"The relationship between patient-clinician communication and outcomes of care is, from a conceptual standpoint, one of the least developed areas of communication research† (Pathways from Communication to Health Outcomes: Mediators and Moderators, n.d., p. 56). Applications of interventions and other solutions to communication problems are vital to healthcare provision and management. Identification of barriers and other interpersonal communication problems and their possible solutions, between and among healthcare professionals and patients will improve delivery of healthcare services. There are three types of Interpersonal communication (IPC), namely, caring/socio- emotional communication, diagnostic communication/problem solving and counseling According to De Negri et al. (1995, p. 15), effective IPC is the one resulting in the following outcomes: 1. The patient discloses enough information about the illness to lead to an accurate diagnosis. 2. The provider, in consultation with the client, selects a medically appropriate treatment acceptable to the client. 3. The client understands his or her condition and the prescribed treatment regimen. 4. The provider and the client establish a positive rapport. 5. The client and the provider are both committed to fulfilling their responsibilities during treatment and follow-up care. Nevertheless, the aforementioned outcomes cannot be perceived as the guiding line within the context of effective communication. These steps generally include encouraging a two-way dialogue, establishing a partnership between patient and provider, creating an atmosphere of caring, bridging any social gaps between provider an d client, accounting for social influences, effectively using verbal and non-verbal communication, and allowing patients ample time to tell their story (De Negri et al., 1995, p. 15). COMMUNICATION BETWEEN HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS â€Å"Poor communication has been shown to lead to disruptions in continuity of care, delayed diagnoses and duplication of or unnecessary interventions† (Astrom et al., 2007, p. 279). In the study of Astrom et al. (2007, pp. 279-285), it was shown that communication between individuals

Human Resource Management - Recruitment and Selection Essay Example for Free

Human Resource Management Recruitment and Selection Essay 1. A report distinguishing between traditional personnel management and the new approach to human resource management, outlining their historical development. 2. The Human Resource department in TD Travel Group. Its role and purpose in the organization. Task 2 1. An analysis of the objectives and the process of human resource planning. 2. An evaluation of the systematic approach to recruitment for NIS Europe. 3. An investigation of the selection procedures used for NIS Europe and TD Travel Group. 3. Evaluation and Conclusion 4. Bibliography Task 1 TASK 2 AN ANALYSIS OF THE OBJECTIVES AND THE PROCESS OF HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING. Human resource planning is the task of assessing and anticipating the skill, knowledge and labour time requirements of the organisation and initiating action to fulfill those requirements. Human resource planning involves a strategy for the: * Recruitment * Retention * Utilisation * Improvement, and * Disposal of the human resources of a business. It needs to look at the following factors: * What are the skills and abilities of the current workforce? * What skills and abilities the organisation needs in the future? * Where can the organisation find its future supply of labour? * What are the future objectives of the business likely to be? * How will the business manage and obtain its human resources to meet these objectives? In order to plan Human Resources effectively a business has to undertake considerable research. Here is a table showing the things companies have consider when planning human resources: What is happening now? * Organisational Objectives * Analysis of staff numbers and age * Wage rates * Work loads * Key skills * Labour turnover * Absenteeism What do we expect to happen to the demand for products / services and therefore labour? * Changing technology * Sales forecasts * Market research * New product development * Managerial skills * Wage Rates * Union Agreements What do we expect labour supply to be like in the future? * Local unemployment / employment trends * Local skills and availability * Demographic changes * Legislation * Government training schemes * Quality of local education, housing and transport * Competition for workers All these issues raise questions, which the human resource plan should cover. The plan should include: * Organisation development * Training and management development * Recruitment, redundancy and redeployment * Appraisal and job evaluation * Promotion prospects Human Resource Planning (HRM) is a form of risk management. It involves realistically appraising the present and anticipating the future (as far as possible) in order to get the right people into the right jobs at the right time. This may seem simple at first, short of staff hire some new staff, too many staff make redundancies. Unfortunately its not that simple anymore and that is why human resource planning is necessary. Why Human Resource Planning is necessary: It is increasingly important to look beyond the present and short-term future to be able to prepare for contingencies. This will help to exercise control over as many variables as possible, which influence the success and failure of a business. For example, for highly skilled or specialised jobs, it will be more difficult to find replacement staff with the right skills quickly, therefore the need for new staff will have to be anticipated in advance to give enough time for extra training to be given without leaving the company short staffed and unable to provide an efficient service. For example, in the travel industry, reservation staff need to be fully trained on the computer reservation system (CRS) and have a full understanding of fares and ticketing, otherwise there would be a minimum of a six month training period, which would leave the business vulnerable and unable to provide good quality service Redundancies are not as easy to make anymore. It is a much slower more costly experience, not only in financial terms but also in loss of reputation as a secure employer. This in itself may make it harder to recruit labour when required. Rapid technological change is leading to a requirement for manpower, which is both more highly skilled and adaptable. Labour flexibility is a major issue, which means that the career and retraining potential of staff are at least as important as their actual qualifications and skills. They must be assessed in advance of requirements. In the selection process trainability is one of the most popular innovations of the HRM era of personnel management. The UK still suffers from particular skill shortages, despite high unemployment levels, for example nurses at Macclesfield Hospital, 20 nurses from the Philippines have had to be employed, as there was a shortage of suitably skilled staff in the UK. The scope and variety of markets, competition and labour resources are continually increased by political and economic moves such as the unification of Germany, the opening of Eastern Europe and continuing progress towards European Union. Computer technology has made available techniques which facilitate the monitoring and planning of manpower over fairly long time spans: manipulation of manpower statistics, trend analysis, modeling and so on. THE PROCESS OF HRP There are three main factors in HRP: * Forecasting Demand * Forecasting Supply * Closing the gap between demand and supply FORCASTING DEMAND The Demand for labour must be forecast by considering several factors: The objectives of an organisation Organisations will normally devise a strategic plan, which will set out its objectives. This will be the responsibility of the directors who will devise their plan after discussion with the most senior managers. In some cases the directors of companies may decide to change the strategy of the business completely. This could involve getting rid of the senior managers and replacing them with a new managerial team, which can put the new strategy into place more efficiently. This happened both at British Airways and at Tescos where it was decided that a complete change of image was needed to improve profits. Most of the top management were replaced and in both cases the strategy was successful. This sort of strategy will obviously affect the demand for labour in general and / or for particular skills. Manpower utilisation how much labour will be required given the expected productivity or work rate of different types of employees and the expected volume of business activity. Productivity will depend on capital expenditure, technology, work organisation, employee motivation and skills, negotiated productivity deals and many other factors. The cost of Labour including overtime, training and other incentives, and therefore what financial constraints there are on the organisations manpower levels. Environmental factors trends in technology and markets that will require organisational change, because of threats or opportunities. The recession in the 90s created conditions in which expectations of labour demand in the short term were low: downsizing of staffs and delayering of organisation structures were the trend. FORCASTING SUPPLY The available supply of labour will be forecast by considering the following factors: * The skill base, potential trainability and current and potential productivity level of the existing workforce * The structure of the existing workforce e.g. age distribution, skills, hours of work, rates of pay etc The likelihood of changes to the productivity, size and structure of the workforce, caused by, wastage (turnover by resignation and retirement), promotions and transfers, absenteeism and other staff movements; this will require information on: * The age structure of staff (forthcoming retirement or family start-up) * Labour turnover for a comparable period * Promotion potential and ambitions of staff Other causes of changes in productivity are employee trainability and motivation, which may increase productivity and flexibility. Organisational, technological and cultural changes are factors, which may affect employee productivity and loyalty. The present and potential future supplies of skilled labour in the environment that is, the external labour market. The HR planner will have to assess and monitor factors such as: * Skill availability, locally, nationally and internationally (e.g. within the EU) * Changes to skill availability due to education and training initiatives (or lack of these) * Competitor activity which may absorb more or less of the available skill pool * Demographic changes areas of population growth and decline, the proportion of younger / older people in the workforce in a particular region, the number of women in a workforce etc. * Wage and salary rates in the market for particular jobs CLOSING THE GAP BETWEEN DEMAND AND SUPPLY A deficiency of labour may be met by: * Internal transfers and promotions, training and development * External recruitment or improvement to recruitment methods * Extension of temporary contracts, or contracts of those about to retire * Reducing labour turnover by reviewing possible causes (e.g. pay and benefits) and improving induction and socialisation * The use of freelance / temporary / agency staff * The development of flexible working methods and structures * Encouraging overtime working * Productivity bargaining to increase productivity * Automation (increasing productivity, and / or reducing the need for human labour) A surplus of labour may be met by: * Running down manning levels by natural / accelerated wastage * Restricting or freezing recruitment * Redundancies (voluntary and/or compulsory) * Early retirement incentives * A tougher stance on discipline, enabling more dismissals * Part time and short contract working, or job sharing * Eliminating overtime and peripheral workforce groups * Redeployment of staff to areas of labour shortage. This may necessitate diversification by the organisation, to find new work for the labour force, and/or plans for multi-skilling, so that the workforce can be flexibly deployed in areas of labour shortage as and when they emerge. There are also external constraints on HR planners when considering any of the above such as, UK legislation and EU directives, regulations and court rulings, the employer brand or reputation and other factors must be taken into account when planning to hire, fire or alter working terms and conditions. Labour turnover is the number of employees leaving an organisation and being replaced. The rate of turnover is often expressed as the number of people leaving as a percentage of the average number of people employed, in a given period of time. The term natural wastage is used to describe a normal flow of people out of an organisation through retirement, career or job change, relocation etc. AN EVALUATION OF THE SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO RECRUITMENT AT NIS EUROPE. Recruitment is the phase, which immediately precedes selection. Its purpose is to pave the way for selection procedures by producing, ideally the smallest number of candidates who appear to be capable either of performing the required tasks of the job from the outset, or of developing the ability to do so within a period of time acceptable to the employing organisation. The main point that needs to be made about the recruitment task is that the employing organisation should not waste time and money examining the credentials of the people whose qualifications do not match the requirements of the job. A primary task of the recruitment phase is to help would-be applicants to decide whether they are likely to be suitable to fill the job vacancy. This is clearly in the interest of both the employing organisation and the applicants. The current approach to recruitment within NIS Europe works in six stages. Stage One Determining the vacancies Human resources would confirm what resources are needed and determine as to whether or not they wanted to fill the vacancy. This very much depends on the aim and objectives of NIS Europe. Stage Two Considering the sources internally and externally If appropriate they would advertise the vacancy internally, or think of possible transfers. HR within NIS always gives this very careful consideration and where possible favours this option first for the following reasons: * Existing employees are know to the organisation and are generally familiar with its customs and practices * The cost and time that recruitment, selection and induction procedures consume can be significantly reduced * Internal recruitment may be used as a means of career development, widening opportunities and stimulating motivation amongst existing employees If the vacancy were not filled internally then they would look to external sources. Dependent on the vacancy this would be via one of the two main means: * Through employment agencies governmental, institutional and private commercial * Advertisements in newspapers and journals Stage Four -Preparing and publishing information NIS Europe feels that this aspect of the recruitment process requires very special attention and skill. It is their objective to publish information, which fulfils the following conditions: * It is succinct and yet gives a comprehensive and accurate description of the job and its requirements * It is likely to attract the attention of the maximum number of potentially suitable candidates * It gives a favourable image of the organisation in terms of efficiency and its attitude towards people * It does not contravene employment laws concerning sex and racial discrimination Along with the submission of curriculum vitae, NIS Europe standard procedure is for each applicant to submit a NIS Europe application form. This falls in line with equal opportunities and allows NIS to obtain standard information about the applicant, that on a curriculum vita may be omitted. See appendix for job advert and application form. Stage Five Processing and assessing applications When all the applicants have been received by the due date, the next task is to select those applicants who, on the evidence available, appear to be the most suitable as future employees of NIS Europe and therefore, worth the time and cost of further examination in the selection procedures. The screening process is based on the published requirements for the job. It involves a scrupulous study of the information provided by the applicants, a comparison of this information with the job requirements, and then a final decision as to whether to accept or reject the applicant at this stage. Stage Six Notifying applicants Once the selection process from the applicants has taken place, the final step is to notify the chosen applicants of the arrangements for the selection procedures, and the rejected applicants that they have not been chosen. The letter to the successful applicants will have full details about the arrangements for the selection procedures, i.e. time and place. NIS Europe ensures that all letters informing applicants of the result of applications are sent as soon as possible. THE EVALUATION OF THE SYSTEMATIC APPROACH FOR NAVIGANT INTEGRATED SERVICES EUROPE Below is an evaluation of the recruitment procedure for Navigant Integrated Services (NIS). The aim of this evaluation is to determine whether NIS recruitment procedures succeed in getting a suitable person for the job advertised and at an acceptable cost. The methods for auditing the recruitment process follow these performance indicators: Total numbers of applicants received: Dependent on the type of vacancy NIS Europe can expect to receive on average around a dozen applicants for an advertised job vacancy. They have recently advertised for an accounts co-ordinator and have received over 30 applicants. They have admitted by not stating the salary this has interested applications, covering a wide range of experience, or in some cases very little experience. Time taken to locate applicants: Most vacancies within NIS are usually filled within one month of the advert being placed. Cost per applicant: NIS calculates à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1000.00 per applicant, including the initial training. Time taken to process applications: NIS normally processes their applications within one week. Number of female /minority/ disabled applicants: NIS does not meet this indicator. They predominantly employ females; they have one minority employee and no disabled employees. When this was discussed with our HR department they advised this was nothing discriminate. The travel industry is known as being a female dominated environment and there have never been any disabled applicants at NIS. If there were any disabled or other minority applicants, they would go through the same process, as other applicants and no preferential treatment would be given. Number of qualified applicants: 90% of applicants are qualified for the job advertised. NIS biggest employment is of reservation staff for the travel industry. If they obtain a new account they will need to recruit fairly quickly, training is costly and time consuming so it is important that they stipulate qualified applicants only, at the advert stage, which is why they have a good success rate in finding candidates quickly for the vacancy advertised. Number of qualified female/minority/disabled applicants: About 70% of our applicants are female and qualified. NIS has very few minority or disabled applicants applying. Cost effectiveness of the recruitment methods: Dependent on the type of job will determine where NIS Europe advertises for staff. If they are looking for reservation agents they would normally get in touch with one of the industries recruitment agencys. Most staff within the industry registers with the agencies. Many years ago jobs were advertised in industry papers the trend now leans towards recruitment agencies. Dependent on the level of salary the agencies take a percentage. For example on a salary of 17,000 they would take 10% of the gross salary. As the salary increases so does the percentage. Although working with an agency can work out costly, they do have a majority of the qualified personnel on their database and therefore gives NIS access to qualified personnel straight away. Monitoring the make-up of the workforce: NIS Europe workforce is split into the following departments and the make up of the workforce is as follows: Reservations within the Travel, Hotel Conference reservations department, NIS employs 60 staff in this department, 10% of the workforce is male, 88.33% are female, none are disabled and only one staff member is a minority employee. * Sales and Marketing NIS employs eight staff in this department, 37.5% of the workforce is male and 62.5% are female. None are disabled or minority employees. * Accounts NIS employs four staff in the department, 25% are male and 75% are female. None are disabled or minority employees * HR NIS employs two staff in this department, 100% are female. None are disabled or minority employees. * IT NIS employs five staff in this department, 100% are male. None are disabled or minority employees. * Top line management The top line management of NIS is made up of four. 25% is female and 75% are male. None are disabled or minority. From the above information it is evident that there are three groups of employees that are underrepresented at NIS Europe, male, disabled and minority. Attitude Surveys: Once you under taken employment with NIS Europe, they do not require you to fill in an attitude survey asking you if you were satisfied with the stages of recruitment and selection process. AN INVESTIGATION OF THE SELECTION PROCEDURES USED AT NIS EUROPE AND TD TRAVEL GROUP. Selection is the part of the employee resourcing process, which follows on from recruitment. It essentially involves the identifying of the most suitable of the potential employees attracted to the organisation by recruitment efforts. The crucial importance of selecting people who can meet the requirements described in the job description and person specification hardly need to be stressed. It is equally evident that mistakes in selection can have very serious consequences for corporate effectiveness. Such mistakes may adversely affect colleagues, subordinates and clients. Employee incompetence may lead to costly mistakes, loss and waste of valuable resources, accidents and avoidable expenditure on training. Employee selectors face an inevitable dilemma. They have to carry out a vitally important task, but one that at the same time is fraught with problems to which there are either no answers or no easy answers. The abiding problem is the dependence on subjective human judgment. We must take into consideration, that fallible human beings devise so-called objective lists. For example some person specifications require certain attitudes and attributes, such as conscientious or able to stand pressure, how can the selectors identify these requirements in a person whom they do not know during the short acquaintance of the selection process. In view of the importance and difficulties of the task, employers need to take selection most seriously. Appropriate investment at this stage can and will be cost-effective if it avoids the possibly enormous and incalculable cost that faulty employee selection may produce. For example, NIS Europe recently employed an operations manager through a recruitment agency, within six weeks of employment it was evident to NIS that he was not capable of the job he had been employed to do. Therefore NIS had to terminate his employment at a cost to the company of approximately à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½8,000. Other errors of the selection process could include lack of skill or experience of interviewers, stereotyping by the interviewer in the absence of more detailed information and incorrect assessment of qualitative factors such as motivation, honesty or integrity. Various selection methods are used to try to reduce the risks by gathering as much relevant information about the candidate as possible. Currently NIS Europe is working with UMIST on a competencies project where NIS is contacting their client base to investigate in terms of service, what their expectations of NIS Europe are. The information collated in turn will then be translated into competencies and then used in the selection process. Following on from our earlier systematic approach to recruitment is the systematic approach to selection Point five six of the systematic approach to recruitment overlaps with the first second point of the Systematic approach to selection. Stage One Processing and assessing applications When all the applicants have been received by the due date, the next task is to select those applicants who, on the evidence available, appear to be the most suitable as future employees of NIS Europe and TD Travel Group and therefore, worth the time and cost of further examination in the selection procedures. The screening process is based on the published requirements for the job. It involves a scrupulous study of the information provided by the applicants, a comparison of this information with the job requirements, and then a final decision as to whether to accept or reject the applicant at this stage. Stage Two Notifying applicants Once the selection process from the applicants has taken place, the final step is to notify the chosen applicants of the arrangements for the selection procedures, and the rejected applicants that they have not been chosen. The letter to the successful applicants will have full details about the arrangements for the selection procedures, i.e. time and place. NIS Europe ensures that all letters informing applicants of the result of applications are sent as soon as possible. TD Travel Group operates a very informal selection procedure. If the curriculum vitae are up to standard the applicant will be called for an interview, nothing will be advised on paper, arrangements are made on the telephone. If the curriculum vitae do not have the correct qualifications for the job it will be discarded straight away and no call to advise the applicant will be made. Stage Three Possible interviewees Possibles will then be more closely scrutinised, and a short-list for interviews drawn up. Ideally this should be done by the HR specialist and the perspective manager of the successful candidate, who will have a more immediate knowledge of the type of person that will fit into the culture and activities of his department. In TD Travel Groups case, John Owen (the operations Director) would be solely responsible for this stage, as there is no human resources department employed. At NIS Europe Barbara Sutton (Human Resources Director) and the line manager of the relevant department would be jointly responsible. Stage Four- Inviting candidates from the short list for interviews At this stage the company would require successful candidates to complete a standardised application form if not already submitted at the outset. NIS Europe standard procedure is for each applicant to submit a NIS Europe application form along with the curriculum vitae at the first stage for applying for the job. See appendix for application form. This falls in line with equal opportunities and allows NIS to obtain standard information about the applicant, that from a curriculum vita may be omitted. TD Travel Group have no standard information that is required and work off the submission of a curriculum vitae only. Stage five Interview potentially qualified candidates. Since the interview is likely to continue to play a major role in the selection process, it seems sensible to adopt a realistic approach, which means making the best possible use of the interview. There are many different types of interview including: * One-to-one interviews these are the most common selection method. They offer the advantages of direct face-to-face communication, and opportunity to establish rapport between the candidate and interviewer. Each has to give attention solely to the other and there is potentially a relaxed atmosphere, if the interviewer is willing to establish an informal style. * Panel Interviews A panel may consist of two or three people who together interview a single candidate, most commonly, a personnel manager and the departmental manager who will have responsibility for the successful candidate. NIS Europe use the above forms of interview, however they also have other interviewing techniques, which can be panel interviews or one to one interviews, such as: * Audition interview this is predominantly to assess people in leisure and service industries; it focuses on personality versus skill. This would involve exercises, which display the personality of the candidate as well as the skills. * Criteria based interview these are specific questions which highlight predetermined behavior which you are looking for e.g. if you need an outgoing person you would ask a question If somebody came into the room how would you put them at ease? You would rate the response as positive or negative. * Behavioral event interview ideally this interview is a taped interview. The interviewer would have a competence list on a chart and when questions asked and in turn answered, the competencies would be marked off. TD Travel has a much more informal interview technique. It is generally a panel interview conducted by the Operations Director with the General manager and also the Sales and Marketing Director. There are no set techniques; it is more of a formal chat about skills and qualifications, outlined on the curriculum vitae. Stage six Selection testing Once the interview has taken place, some companies go one step further by inviting candidates for a selection test. These tests are all standardised so that an individuals score can be related to others, reliable in that it always measures the same thing and is non discriminatory. These can be in various forms: * Intelligence or cognitive testing these test memory, ability to think quickly, perceptual speed, verbal fluency and problem solving skills. See appendix. * Aptitude tests these are designed to predict an individuals potential for performing a job or learning new skills. * Personality tests these may measure a variety of characteristics such as the applicants skill in dealing with other people, ambition, motivation or emotional stability. See appendix. * Proficiency tests these measure the ability of the applicant to do the work involved e.g. a typist would be asked to type, and a salesperson would be asked to sell. Td Travel does not use selection tests at all. Most people are employed through word of mouth, as travel is a very incestuous business. NIS Europe use personality and aptitude tests. Stage seven Checking references of short listed candidates References provide further confidential information about the perspective employee. A reference should contain: * Straightforward factual information confirming the nature of the applicants previous jobs, previous employment, pay and circumstances of leaving * Opinions about the applicants personality and other attributes. At least two employer references are desirable, providing necessary factual information, and comparison of personal views. NIS Europe and TD Travel Group offer the successful candidate the job subject to checking the references. Stage eight -Institute follow-up procedures for successful applicants The follow up procedures include: * Offer of employment Assuming that the right candidate has by now been identified, an offer of employment can be made. It is common for an oral offer to be made. With a negociated period for consideration and acceptance. * Draw up a contract or written particulars this should include all terms, conditions and circumstances of the offer must be clearly stated and negotiable aspects of the offer and timetable for acceptance should be set out, in order to control the closing stages of the process * Arrange work permits if required Work permits are required of people coming into the UK for employment * Plan induction Induction is a formal programme, designed and carried out by HRM to introduce new employees to the organisation, in all its social as well as work aspects. Stage nine- Review all candidates Review un-interviewed candidates and sort out those that my be kept on file for possible future use. Send standard letters to unsuccessful to applicants and holding letters to those being kept on file. NIS Europe will hold candidates on file for a maximum of one year. TD Travel group do not use this procedure, they would start their informal recruitment process again as and when required. SUMMARY OF THE SELECTION PROCESS FOR TD TRAVEL GROUP AND NIS EUROPE It is evident from the above information that NIS Europe carries out a more formal selection procedure than TD Travel Group. This is down to the fact that NIS Europe have more employees than TD Travel Group, and therefore see it necessary to have a HR department.